Jurnal Kesehatan

Patient-Centred Diabetes Education

Desy Anggraini — 2026-10-17

Analysis of Flavonoid Bioactives in Combating HPV Infection: Potential for the Development of Cervical Cancer Therapy

Alwi Rahman Simamora — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer and ranks fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. The high incidence rate and current limitations of treatment are the basis for studying the potential of flavonoid compounds which are natural resources of Indonesia as an alternative anti-HPV therapy.

Method: The method used is a narrative literature review with literature collection carried out through the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The selected articles were those published in the last ten years (2014-2024) and are available in abstract and full text.

Results: Flavonoids have significant potential as anti-HPV agents with mechanisms involving apoptosis induction and inhibition of oncoprotein pathways, such as E6 and c-Myc, in cervical cancer cells. Several natural sources such as banana peel with a content of 20.76 mg qe/g, seeds of the fruit of the boils with a content of 423.60 mg qe/g, and leaves of the matoa with a content of 15.884 mg qe/g are proven to be rich in flavonoids and offer opportunities for the development of HPV infection treatment therapy.

Conclusion: Flavonoids have good potential as anti-HPV in preventing cervical cancer with different mechanisms according to the type of compound. Flavonoid content can be found in banana peel, seeds of the fruit of the boils, red onion waste, and matoa.

Association between Screentime of Gadget Used and Eye Strain in School-Age Children

Sopiatul Laila — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Technological advancements have made gadgets an integral part of daily life and children’s education. However, excessive gadget use can have negative effects on eye health, one of which is eye strain (asthenopia). This study aims to analyze the relationship between the intensity of gadget use and eye strain among students at SMPN 19 in Serang City.

Method: This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional design. The study population consisted of all 583 students in grades 7–9 SMPN 19 in Serang City. The sample consisted of 237 students selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation. Data collection took place from September to November 2025 using a questionnaire that had been validated for both validity and reliability. Bivariate analysis employed Spearman’s rho correlation test because the data for the eye strain variable were not normally distributed.

Results: Respondents had a median gadget usage of 480 minutes/day (8 hours/day, range: 20–900 minutes) and a median eye strain score of 25 (range: 14–44), indicating a high level of eye strain among students (median > 15). The results of the Spearman’s rho test showed a statistically significant association between gadget usage intensity and eye strain (p = 0.004; r = −0.186).

Conclusion: There is a significant association between gadget usage intensity and eye strain among middle school students. The high duration of gadget used and high eye strain scores underscore the importance of eye health education in schools. Further research is recommended to evaluate other contributing factors such as viewing distance, room lighting, and body position/posture while using gadgets.

Implementation of Strategy 1 (SP 1) for Positive Ability Training in Patients with Low Self-Esteem

Selly Febrianti — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Low self-esteem is a condition in which individuals have negative perceptions of themselves, feel worthless and incapable, and experience decreased self-confidence. This condition may cause patients to become less active, tend to withdraw from their surroundings, and experience difficulties in interacting with others. One nursing intervention that can be provided to address this condition is Strategy 1 (SP 1) through positive ability training.

Objective: This study aimed to describe the implementation of SP 1 through positive ability training in patients experiencing low self-esteem.

Method: This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach involving two patients diagnosed with low self-esteem at Yayasan Mitra Mulia Husada Palembang. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The SP 1 intervention was implemented for three consecutive days, with approximately 15 minutes for each session. The intervention included establishing a therapeutic relationship, identifying the patients' abilities and positive aspects, selecting appropriate abilities, practicing those abilities, and incorporating the activities into a daily schedule. The study obtained ethical approval under Number 004070/KEP STIKES HESTI WIRA SRIWIJAYA/2026.

Results: After receiving SP 1, both patients showed positive progress in recognizing and performing their existing abilities. In the first patient, practicing the activity of making the bed resulted in a decrease in LSE signs and symptoms from 8 to 1. Meanwhile, the second patient showed a decrease from 10 to 3 after practicing sweeping activities. Both patients also demonstrated increased self-confidence, greater participation in activities, and improved independence in carrying out daily activities.

Conclusion: Positive ability training through SP 1 can help patients recognize their existing potential, increase self-confidence and independence, and reduce the signs and symptoms of low self-esteem. This intervention can be implemented simply in daily life with support from family members and the institution.

Application of Five-Finger Hypnosis Therapy to Reduce Anxiety in Adolescent Patients with the Nursing Problem of Anxiety

Andi Ayu Sulastri — 2026-10-17

Abstract

Introduction: Anxiety is one of the mental health problems frequently experienced by adolescents. Various biological, psychological, and social changes occurring during adolescence may increase vulnerability to anxiety and interfere with daily activities. A non-pharmacological approach that may be applied is five-finger hypnosis therapy, which combines relaxation techniques with positive suggestions to help individuals achieve a calmer and more comfortable state. This study aimed to describe the application of five-finger hypnosis therapy in reducing anxiety levels among adolescent patients with the nursing problem of anxiety at UPTD Puskesmas Kertapati Palembang.

Methods: This study employed a descriptive case study design using pre-test and post-test measurements to identify changes in anxiety levels. Two adolescent patients with the nursing problem of anxiety participated as study subjects. Each patient's anxiety level was initially assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), followed by five-finger hypnosis therapy in accordance with the established procedure. After completion of the intervention, anxiety was reassessed using the HARS to determine the changes following therapy.

Results: The implementation of five-finger hypnosis therapy resulted in a reduction in anxiety levels in both study subjects. HARS scores decreased from 26 to 18 in the first subject and from 32 to 20 in the second subject. These reductions were accompanied by a decrease in the signs and symptoms of anxiety following the intervention.

Conclusion: Five-finger hypnosis therapy was beneficial in helping reduce anxiety among adolescent patients with the nursing problem of anxiety. Because the technique is relatively simple and easy to perform, it may serve as an alternative non-pharmacological approach for nurses in supporting anxiety management among adolescents.

Early Mobilization to Facilitate Lochia Discharge in Postpartum Mothers with the Nursing Problem of Infection Risk

Vemi Dwi Aulia — 2026-10-17

Introduction: The postpartum period is a recovery phase following childbirth during which mothers remain vulnerable to complications, including infection. Inadequate lochia discharge may increase the risk of postpartum infection. One non-pharmacological nursing intervention that can support uterine involution and facilitate lochia discharge is early mobilization. This study aimed to describe the implementation of early mobilization to facilitate lochia discharge in postpartum mothers with the nursing problem of infection risk.

Method: This study employed a descriptive case study involving two mothers who had undergone normal delivery and experienced the nursing problem of infection risk. Early mobilization was implemented gradually up to six hours postpartum. Following the intervention, lochia discharge was observed using the COCA instrument.

Results: The implementation of early mobilization demonstrated that both respondents experienced smooth lochia discharge. The lochia was characterized as lochia rubra, with a fresh-red color, a normal fishy odor, and an amount sufficient to fill the sanitary pad. Differences in the amount of lochia discharge were influenced by factors such as age and activity; however, overall, early mobilization was effective in facilitating lochia discharge.

Conclusion: The findings indicate that the implementation of early mobilization was effective in facilitating lochia discharge in postpartum mothers with the nursing problem of infection risk.

Implementation Of Reality Orientation Group Activity Therapy For Patients With Auditory Hallucination at Mitra Mulia Husada Foundation in 2026

Regitha Ayu Cahyani — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Sensory perception disorders in the form of auditory hallucinations are among the most common symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia and may interfere with their daily activities. One of the non-pharmacological nursing interventions that can be provided is Reality Orientation Group Activity Therapy (ROGAT) to help patients control hallucinations. To describe the implementation of Reality Orientation Group Activity Therapy (ROGAT) in reducing the level of auditory hallucinations among patients at Mitra Mulia Husada Foundation.

Method: This study employed a descriptive case study design involving two subjects with auditory hallucinations. The intervention was conducted over three consecutive days, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Data were collected using an auditory hallucination assessment observation sheet and an observation sheet measuring the patients' ability to participate in Reality Orientation Group Activity

Therapy.

Results: The findings showed a reduction in the level of hallucinations in both subjects. Subject 1 experienced a decrease in the hallucination score from 7 to 1 (a reduction of 6 points), while Subject 2 showed a decrease from 15 to 5 (a reduction of 10 points). In addition, both subjects demonstrated improved orientation to person, place, and time.

Conclusion: The implementation of Reality Orientation Group Activity Therapy (ROGAT) was effective in reducing the severity of auditory hallucinations and improving reality orientation in patients with sensory perception disorders: auditory hallucinations.

Newborn Care Education Through Audiovisual Media for Mothers with Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge

Septa Aji Prambudi — 2026-10-17

Introduction:Newborns are in a transitional period that requires proper care to maintain their health, comfort, and safety. However, misperceptions and cultural influences are still found in newborn care practices, so health education is needed to improve mothers' understanding of safe newborn care. This study aims to describe the implementation of newborn care education through audiovisual media for mothers with nursing problems in the Readiness for Knowledge Improvement Program at Dr. AK Gani Class II Hospital, Palembang in 2026.

Method:This study employed a descriptive method with a case study approach on two respondents. Data collection was conducted through assessment, interviews, observations, health education using audiovisual media over three sessions, and knowledge measurement using a questionnaire during the pre-education phase on the first day and post-education on the third day. Data were analyzed descriptively based on changes in knowledge levels before and after the intervention.

Results:The case study results showed an increase in knowledge levels in both respondents. Mrs. “D”’s knowledge score increased from 58 to 91, while Mrs. “N”’s increased from 58 to 100. Both respondents were also able to re-explain the material on safe newborn care after completing the entire educational series.

Conclusion:The implementation of health education using audiovisual media has shown an increase in mothers' knowledge regarding safe newborn care. Future research is recommended to involve a larger number of respondents and use instruments that have undergone validity and reliability testing to obtain more comprehensive results.

Analysis of Nursing Care in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Through the Provision of Diabetes Self-Management Education

Ni Wayan Mariani — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Elderly patients with Diabetes Mellitus often experience impaired blood glucose regulation due to decreased insulin sensitivity, changes in body composition, and declining pancreatic function. One of the most common nursing problems is unstable blood glucose levels, which are influenced by non-adherence to therapy, uncontrolled dietary patterns, physical activity that is not adjusted to the patient’s abilities, and a lack of understanding regarding the disease and its treatment. The purpose of this study is to analyze nursing care for unstable blood glucose levels in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus through self-management education.

Method: The management of unstable blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus was carried out through the provision of diabetes self-management education for 45 minutes, once every three days during home visits, in accordance with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The sample in this scientific paper consisted of elderly patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus who experienced unstable blood glucose levels.

Results: After the intervention was carried out during 3 home visits, the problem of unstable blood glucose levels with blood sugar levels gradually improved, with the results of client 1 being 178 mg/dl, the results of client 2 being 201 mg/dl and the results of client 3 being 185 mg/dl. It is hoped that the UPTD Puskesmas I of the South Denpasar District Health Office can implement this education as an intervention in nursing care for patients suffering from diabetes mellitus with nursing problems of unstable blood glucose levels.

Conclusion: The characteristics of the three primary managed patients were elderly individuals (>59 years old), both male and female, with a history of Type II Diabetes Mellitus for more than five years, and with main problems including lack of knowledge and skills in diabetes management. The nursing evaluation demonstrated an improvement in knowledge and behavioral changes among all three patients regarding diabetes management, as well as a reduction in blood glucose levels. Therefore, the problem of unstable blood glucose levels in all three patients showed gradual improvement.

Characteristics and Knowledge of Women of Reproductive Age Regarding Early Detection Of Breast Cancer Through Breast Self-Examination Techniques at The Oepoi Community Health Cente (Puskesmas) Kupang

Yakoba Tafetin — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of death among women globally. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) has been promoted as an accessible, affordable, and effective early detection method—one that, if practiced from adolescence, can help reduce this risk. Nevertheless, adolescent girls are still observed to lack consistent BSE practices. A preliminary study at SMA Negeri 3 (Public Senior High School 3) in Kupang City revealed that many students do not fully understand the correct BSE procedure, and the practice is rarely performed. This study aims to examine how adolescent girls at SMA Negeri 3 Kupang—located within the service area of the Oepoi Community Health Center (Puskesmas)—perceive and respond to the importance of being proactive and attentive toward their own health.

Method: This study involved 94 students from grades 10 and 11 at SMA Negeri 3 Kupang, selected through consecutive sampling using an analytical cross-sectional design. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire that met validity and reliability criteria (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.80). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-Square test via SPSS software (version 30), with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.

Results: The findings indicate that 58.5% of participants possessed good knowledge, 53.2% held a positive attitude, and 72.3% demonstrated good BSE practices. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between knowledge and behavior (p = 0.792); however, a significant correlation was found between attitude and behavior (p = 0.026). Respondents with a negative attitude were 2.14 times more likely to fail to perform BSE effectively.

Conclusion: There is no statistically significant correlation between knowledge and the practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE). Consequently, improved health education is essential to raise awareness among adolescent girls regarding the importance of early breast cancer detection. Students at SMA Negeri 3 Kupang are very enthusiastic about participating in training and receiving instruction on how to perform SADARI (breast self-examination) to detect breast cancer at an early stage.

The Application of Slimber Ice to Reduce Interdialytic Weight Gain in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

Sonya Rorenza — 2026-10-17

Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a chronic condition that causes progressive decline in kidney function and fluid imbalance. Patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of fluid accumulation during the interdialytic period, characterized by an increase in Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG). One non-pharmacological intervention that may help control fluid intake and thirst is Slimber Ice, which involves holding or sucking a limited amount of ice.

Objective: To describe the application of Slimber Ice in reducing IDWG among patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis with the nursing problem of hypervolemia.

Method: This study used a descriptive method with a case study approach involving two patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) undergoing hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Unit of RS TK II 02.05.01 Dr. Ak. Gani Palembang. Both patients were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Slimber Ice intervention was administered at 30 ml for 10 minutes, twice a week, over three sessions. Data were collected through interviews, observations, physical examinations, documentation, and body weight measurements before and after hemodialysis to calculate Interdialytic Weight Gain (IDWG). This study received ethical approval under Number 003051.

Results: The results showed a decrease in IDWG in both respondents. The first respondent had IDWG values of 3.8%, 3.7%, and 3.5%, respectively, while the second respondent had values of 3.8%, 3.5%, and 3.3%. Complaints of thirst and signs of hypervolemia, such as edema and shortness of breath, also improved during subsequent sessions.

Conclusion: The application of 30 ml of Slimber Ice for 10 minutes was beneficial in helping reduce IDWG and relieve thirst in patients with CKD undergoing hemodialysis with the nursing problem of hypervolemia.